How do we know if interventions in developmental disability are effective?

Superior Capsule Reconstruction: What Do We Know?

The management of irreparable rotator cuff tears remains challenging. Since its introduction by Mihata in 2012, superiorcapsule reconstruction (SCR) has grown in popularity at an astonishingly rapid rate. The aim of this article is to providea comprehensive review of the available literature, in order to highlight what has so far been published on SCR,covering all aspects including biomechanica...

Do We Know What We Do not Know? A Response to Celine Bonnet

Treatment of chronic hyponatremia: now we know how, but do we know when or if?

How do we know that we know what we know?

How Science Works’ is now the focus of the national science specifications in English schools. This article is a brief introduction to the philosophy of science from the Greeks to the present day that underpins this notion. From September 2006, the emphasis for teaching science at GCSE is on ‘How Science Works’. This focus will also shape the revisions of the AS and A2 specifications from Septe...

How do we know?

We know that every improvement is a change—but how do we know that a change is an improvement? Improvement experts and patients, each in their own terms, ask this question with appropriate impatience. 3 For example, how can valid conclusions be drawn when an improvement initiative employs no control population, or if the study employs predominantly qualitative measures? Indeed, some argue that ...